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Researchers have discovered that regular migraine attacks can lead to significant financial consequences, primarily due to their impact on productivity. Here’s what the data reveals.

Migraine causes many people physical and financial pain. Treatment costs money, of course. But the hidden price people with migraine pay often comes when they’re unable to work during an attack.

Work-related stress may trigger a migraine attack. This can lead to a greater financial burden from the condition, which in turn increases stress.

Strategies exist, however, that can help people with migraine reduce the cost of migraine on productivity and income.

Migraine most commonly affects people between the ages of 18 and 44. This is also often the period of time when people have their most productive years of work, and it can have a profound impact on work productivity.

“People with migraine often try to work through an attack, resulting in underperformance,” says Paula Dumas, president of the World Health Education Foundation and chair of the steering committee for Migraine at Work, which helps employees and employers cope with workplace migraine issues.

A report by the Integrated Benefits Institute compared employees who have migraine with those who don’t. It found that employees with migraine:

  • incurred on average $2,000 more in healthcare costs
  • took an average of 2.2 more sick days each year
  • lost nearly $600 in wages and benefits due to migraine

A 2018 study also estimated that people with migraine missed an average of 8.9 more days of work than people who don’t have migraine. Researchers concluded that for employees with migraine, employers paid $8,924 more per year in:

  • absenteeism
  • healthcare spending
  • short- and long-term disability

Because it impairs a person’s ability to work, migraine can also increase the risk of job loss. Another 2018 study suggests that migraine is more common among people with incomes of less than $35,000 per year.

The economic impact of migraine is especially high among people who have chronic migraine rather than episodic migraine.

For instance, one study found that the economic burden of chronic migraine is over three times higher than episodic migraine, with chronic migraine patients incurring $5,594 more annually ($8,243 vs. $2,649), driven by greater direct medical costs (primarily due to pharmaceuticals) and indirect costs from lost productivity.

The constellation of disabling symptoms that can occur during a migraine attack makes it difficult and sometimes impossible or unsafe to work, says Dumas.

“Intense head pain and brain fog can make it difficult to concentrate,” she says. “Visual auras and dizziness make it dangerous to drive or operate machinery. Nausea and vomiting obviously take people away from their workstations.”

While workers with other illnesses can sometimes cope by working at home, many folks with migraine can’t sit in front of a screen during an episode.

“The lights from monitors, computers, and projectors are common migraine triggers,” Dumas explains.

Lower-income households tend to have higher rates of migraine. Having migraine makes it harder to find and keep consistent work.

However, the financial stress of having a lower income may also increase the likelihood of migraine. This creates a cycle where migraine makes it challenging to climb the financial ladder.

People who have migraine and work freelance can also be affected economically.

Heather Roberts owned a public relations firm and a magazine until she began having migraine attacks.

“I was incapacitated for weeks on end, and over time neglecting the businesses had unfortunate repercussions,” Roberts explains. “I wasn’t able to keep at the production level needed to grow or even maintain the businesses, and as such [needed] to shut them down.”

Migraine episodes can occur without any trigger at all, even when you’re doing everything possible to prevent them.

However, many people do find their migraine attacks are linked to triggers such as:

  • stress
  • sleep deprivation
  • menstruation
  • certain foods
  • odors
  • loud noises

Among these triggers, stress is the most common, according to the American Migraine Foundation: Nearly 70% of people with migraine say that stress triggers migraine episodes. Between 50% and 70% say their daily stress levels and their migraine activity are linked.

It doesn’t help that 80% of U.S. workers say their job is stressful, and half say they need help managing work stress, according to the American Institute of Stress. That’s a formula for stress-related migraine episodes at work.

A 2017 study by the Brookings Institute found that 70% of U.S. jobs require medium to high levels of computer skills, with a growing amount of computer use among most employees in all types of jobs.

Another of the most common triggers for migraine is bright light, including the type of light emitted by a computer monitor.

Experts recommend several techniques to manage workplace stress:

Some people with migraine may qualify for workplace accommodations under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) to reduce migraine symptoms.

Even if your migraine doesn’t qualify as an ADA disability, your employer may still be open to making changes to reduce your migraine episodes and increase your productivity.

“Disease education and simple accommodations are far less expensive ways to boost productivity and reduce healthcare costs,” Dumas says.

Such accommodations could include:

  • lighting adjustments
  • noise reduction or quiet rooms
  • teleworking
  • flexible work schedules
  • light filters for overhead or desk lights
  • anti-glare filters for computer monitors
  • a white noise machine or headphones
  • air purification systems
  • a fragrance-free work policy (smell can be another migraine trigger)
  • a chair that supports good posture
  • a choice of workspace

If you feel comfortable doing so, disclosing your migraine history to co-workers may also encourage understanding and compassion about migraine and its symptoms.

Migraine can cost workers in terms of income and productivity. Migraine symptoms like pain, brain fog, dizziness, and nausea can make it difficult to work.

Work-related stress and hours of daily screen time can also trigger migraine episodes. Taking steps to reduce stress and screen time, along with workplace accommodations, can help minimize the cost of debilitating migraine episodes.