What Is Cat Scratch Fever? Here’s Why You Shouldn’t Ignore It

Cat Scratch Fever — also known as Cat Scratch Disease (CSD) — might sound harmless, but it’s a bacterial infection that can cause real trouble if left untreated. Whether you’re a cat lover or someone dealing with unexplained symptoms after a feline encounter, understanding the signs and symptoms of cat scratch fever can help protect your health and peace of mind.

In this guide, you’ll discover everything you need to know — from how it starts, to when it becomes serious, and what you can do about it.

What Causes Cat Scratch Fever?

Cat Scratch Fever is caused by a bacterium called Bartonella henselae. This bacteria lives in cats — especially kittens — and can spread to humans through:

• Cat scratches

• Cat bites

• Cat saliva entering an open wound or eyes

Cats themselves usually don’t get sick, but they can carry the bacteria for weeks or even months.

Important: You don’t need to be severely scratched. Even a playful swipe or lick on broken skin can lead to infection.

Who’s at Risk of Cat Scratch Fever?

While anyone can get it, certain people are more likely to experience severe symptoms:

• Children under 15

• People with weakened immune systems (like those with HIV, cancer, or organ transplants)

• Veterinarians, pet store workers, or cat owners

• Anyone recently scratched or bitten by a cat

Knowing the risk factors helps you stay alert — especially if you fall into one of these groups.

7 Alarming Signs and Symptoms of Cat Scratch Fever

Recognizing the early signs and symptoms of cat scratch fever can be the key to fast recovery. Here’s what to watch for:

1. Swollen Lymph Nodes (Lymphadenopathy)

This is the most common symptom and often the first clue.

• Occurs near the site of the scratch or bite

• Can be tender, painful, and warm to touch

• Nodes may appear in the neck, armpit, or groin

• Can last from weeks to several months

If you notice swollen nodes after a cat scratch, don’t ignore it — it’s a red flag.

2. Red Bump or Blister at the Scratch Site

Usually appears within 3–10 days after contact.

• Often looks like a small pimple or blister

• May be mistaken for an insect bite

• Might ooze or scab over

Don’t confuse it with a normal scratch wound — the bump stays longer and can worsen without treatment.

3. Fever and Chills

Many people experience low to moderate fever (100°F–102°F), along with:

• Chills

• Night sweats

• Fatigue

These flu-like symptoms can appear within a couple of weeks after exposure.

Warning: Fever with swollen lymph nodes after a cat scratch is a major sign — get checked.

4. Fatigue and General Malaise

You may feel:

• Drained of energy

• Mentally foggy

• Uninterested in daily activities

Fatigue is your body’s way of signaling it’s fighting off infection. If it persists for more than a few days, especially with other symptoms, it’s time to see a doctor.

5. Headaches and Muscle Aches

These are common in moderate to severe infections.

• Pain may feel like a tension headache or migraine

• Muscle aches, especially in the back and legs, can mimic viral symptoms

• Usually improve once the infection is treated

6. Loss of Appetite and Weight Loss

In more serious cases, you might notice:

• Reduced appetite

• Unintentional weight loss

• Nausea or mild abdominal discomfort

These symptoms may be subtle but can worsen over time without treatment.

7. Neurological and Eye Complications (Rare but Serious)

In rare cases, the bacteria can travel to the brain or eyes, causing:

• Blurred vision or red, painful eyes (neuroretinitis)

• Seizures or confusion

• Inflammation of the brain (encephalopathy)

Immediate medical attention is critical if you or someone you know experiences these.

How Is Cat Scratch Fever Diagnosed?

Doctors often diagnose based on:

• Your medical history and recent cat exposure

• Physical examination (especially of lymph nodes)

• Blood tests to detect antibodies to Bartonella henselae

• Ultrasound or biopsy in rare cases to rule out other conditions

Diagnosis is generally simple but requires a healthcare provider's expertise to distinguish from similar infections.

Is Cat Scratch Fever Contagious Between People?

No, it’s not contagious between humans. You can’t catch it from someone else — only from an infected cat. Still, it’s wise to:

• Wash your hands after handling pets

• Avoid letting cats lick open wounds or scratches

• Keep cats indoors to reduce exposure to fleas (which spread the bacteria between cats)

Treatment Options for Cat Scratch Fever

In mild cases, no treatment may be necessary — the body clears the infection within a few weeks. But in more moderate or severe cases, treatment may include:

1. Antibiotics

The most common choices are:

• Azithromycin

• Doxycycline

• Ciprofloxacin

These help reduce symptoms faster and prevent complications.

2. Pain and Fever Management

Use over-the-counter meds like:

• Ibuprofen

• Acetaminophen

These help with fever, muscle aches, and lymph node pain.

3. Rest and Hydration

• Get plenty of sleep

• Drink fluids regularly

• Eat light, nutritious meals

Can Cat Scratch Fever Be Prevented? Absolutely!

Here are practical steps you can take:

✅ Keep Cats Flea-Free

Use veterinarian-approved flea treatments regularly to reduce bacterial spread.

✅ Avoid Rough Play With Cats

Especially with kittens who scratch more during play.

✅ Wash Any Scratches or Bites Immediately

Use soap and water, then apply antiseptic.

✅ Trim Your Cat’s Claws

Helps minimize scratching injuries.

✅ Educate Kids

Teach children to handle cats gently and avoid face-to-face contact.

When to See a Doctor

Seek medical attention if you experience:

• Fever longer than 3 days after a cat scratch

• Swollen lymph nodes that worsen or don’t improve

• Unusual neurological symptoms like confusion or seizures

• Eye problems following a cat bite or scratch

• Symptoms lasting more than 2 weeks

Early diagnosis prevents serious outcomes — don’t delay.

Complications You Shouldn’t Ignore

While most people recover completely, serious complications can occur, especially in those with weakened immune systems:

• Encephalitis (brain inflammation)

• Neuroretinitis (eye inflammation)

• Endocarditis (heart valve infection)

• Osteomyelitis (bone infection)

If you have any chronic health conditions, speak with your doctor if you’ve been scratched or bitten.

Quick Recap: Symptoms Checklist

Here’s a fast visual list of symptoms to remember:

✅ Swollen lymph nodes
✅ Fever and chills
✅ Red bump or blister
✅ Fatigue
✅ Headaches and muscle aches
✅ Loss of appetite
✅ Eye or brain issues (rare)

If you check 2 or more of these and recently had cat contact, call your healthcare provider.

FAQs About Cat Scratch Fever

Q: How long does it take for cat scratch fever to appear?

A: Usually between 3 to 14 days after the scratch or bite.

Q: Can adults get cat scratch fever?

A: Yes — though it’s more common in children, adults can also get infected.

Q: Will I get it every time a cat scratches me?

A: Not at all! It depends if the cat is infected and if the wound is deep or unclean.

Q: Can my cat be tested for Bartonella?

A: Yes — your vet can perform blood tests, but treatment isn’t always required unless symptoms show.

Helpful Resources and References

• CDC: Bartonella Infection Information

• NIH: Cat Scratch Disease Clinical Overview

• AVMA: Protecting People and Pets

Final Thoughts: Stay Aware, Stay Safe

Cat Scratch Fever isn’t something to panic over — but being informed makes all the difference. With quick recognition and proper care, most cases resolve without serious issues. Use this guide to keep yourself and your family safe, especially if you have playful feline friends around.

So the next time your cat gets a little too feisty — just remember: a scratch may be more than skin-deep.